Understanding automatic cars: The basics
What makes a car automatic?
The clue's in the name – automatic cars do the gear changing, well, automatically.
No clutch pedal, no manual gear changes.
Step into an automatic car and you'll immediately notice what's missing: the clutch pedal.
Instead of three pedals, you've got just two: brake and accelerator.
No more juggling your left foot while trying to find the right gear, and definitely no more stalling at traffic lights.
The car's computer decides when to change gears based on your speed, how hard you're pressing the accelerator, and even whether you're going uphill.
But how does it actually work?
Traditional automatic cars use something called a torque converter – think of it as a very clever fluid coupling that transfers power from the engine to the wheels.
Instead of a clutch plate that physically connects and disconnects, the torque converter uses transmission fluid to do the job smoothly.
It's a bit like having two fans facing each other – when one spins fast enough, it makes the other one spin too.
But not all automatics are created equal. In fact, there are semi-automatic options too.
When it comes to automatic cars, there are several flavours to choose from:
- Paddle shift: These give you manual control when you want it, with paddles behind the steering wheel to change gears. Perfect for when you want to feel more involved in the driving experience
- CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission): These don't have traditional gears at all – they seamlessly adjust the gear ratio for maximum efficiency. You might notice the engine staying at a constant RPM, which can feel a bit odd at first
- Dual-clutch automatics: These use two clutches (hence the name) to pre-select the next gear, making gear changes lightning fast
The beauty of leasing? You can try different types of automatic transmissions without committing to buying any of them.
When were automatic cars invented?
Think automatics are a modern invention? Think again.
The first automatic transmission was actually invented way back in 1921 by a Canadian engineer called Alfred Munro. His early version used compressed air – quite different from the fluid-based systems we know today.
The breakthrough came in 1940 when General Motors introduced the Hydra-Matic, the first automatic transmission to use hydraulic fluid.
GM marketed it as "the greatest advance since the self-starter" and it went into full production with the Oldsmobile in 1948.
The evolution didn't stop there though:
- 1955: GM replaced the Hydra-Matic with the Jetaway (which didn't perform well)
- 1969: The "Turbo Hydra-Matic" took the market by storm
- 1968: Honda entered the game with the Hondamatic, paired with a tiny 354cc engine
- 1991: BMW released the first-ever 5-speed automatic for the 7 Series
- 2003: Volkswagen introduced dual-clutch technology with the Golf R32
The 1970s energy crisis and fuel economy standards forced manufacturers to make automatics more efficient.
But the real game-changer has been the rise of hybrid and electric vehicles since 2010. Most pure electric vehicles are automatic (they don't need gears), and plug-in hybrids use automatic transmissions too.
In fact, between 2019-2021, automatic cars finally outnumbered manual cars in new car sales for the first time in the UK. With the shift towards electric vehicles and the 2030 petrol and diesel ban, automatics are set to become the norm rather than the exception.
Where are the controls?
Getting into an automatic car for the first time? Here's what you'll find:
Two pedals instead of three:
- Right foot: Brake and accelerator (just like a manual)
- Left foot: Nothing – there's no clutch pedal
Instead of a gear stick, you'll have a gear selector with these positions:
- P (Park): For when you're parked
- R (Reverse): For going backwards
- N (Neutral): Engine running but not in gear
- D (Drive): For normal driving forward
Some cars also have additional options like S (Sport) for more responsive driving or L (Low) for steep hills.
If you've got a semi-automatic (like a dual-clutch or CVT), you might also find:
- Paddle shifts: Small levers behind the steering wheel to manually change gears when you want more control
- Manual mode: Usually accessed by moving the gear selector to M and then using + and - to shift up or down
That's it – much simpler than you might think.